List of founders of religious traditions

This article lists historical figures credited with founding religions or religious philosophies or people who first codified older known re...

Diplomatic career of Muhammad

Muhammad (c. 22 April, 571â€"11 June, 632) is documented as having engaged as a diplomat during his propagation of Islam and leadersh...

Clergy

Clergy are some of the formal leaders within certain religions. The roles and functions of clergy vary in different religious traditions bu...

Arabian tribes that interacted with Muhammad

There were several Arabian tribes that interacted with Muhammad . Introduction The most prominent of such Arabian tribes were the Banu...

Achtiname of Muhammad

The Ashtiname of Muhammad , also known as the Covenant or (Holy) Testament ( Testamentum ) of the Prophet Muhammad, is a document or ahdnam...

Military career of Muhammad

The military career of Muhammad lasted for the final ten years of his life when he served as the leader of the ummah at Medina. Histor...

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (the LDS Church or, informally, the Mormon Church ) is a Christian restorationist church t...

Bahá'u'lláh

Bahá'u'lláh ( / b É™ ˈ h É'ː ÊŠ ËŒ l É'ː / ; Arabic: بهاء الله ‎, "Glory of God"; 12 November 1817...

Manifestation of God

The Manifestation of God is a concept in the Bahá'í Faith that refers to what are commonly called prophets. The Manifestations of God...

Bahá'í Faith

The Bahá'í Faith (Persian: بهائیت ‎ Bahá'iyyat , Arabic: الدÙ'ين البهائي ‎ Ad-DÄ«n al-Bahā'Ä« ) /...

On Heroes, Hero-Worship, and The Heroic in History

On Heroes, Hero-Worship, and The Heroic in History is a book by Thomas Carlyle, published with James Fraser, London, in 1841. It is a col...

Thomas Carlyle

Thomas Carlyle (4 December 1795 â€" 5 February 1881) was a Scottish philosopher, satirical writer, essayist, historian and teacher. Co...

Guillaume Postel

Guillaume Postel (25 March 1510 â€" 6 September 1581) was a French linguist, astronomer, Cabbalist, diplomat, professor, and religious...

Saladin

Ṣalāḥ ad-Dīn Yūsuf ibn Ayyūb (Kurdish: سەلاحەدینی ئەییووبی/Selahedînê Eyûbî; Arabic: صلاح الدين يو...

Averroes

Averroës ( / É™ ˈ v É›r oÊŠ ËŒ iː z / ; April 14, 1126 â€" December 10, 1198) is the Latinized form of Ibn Rushd (Arabic: ابن Ø...

Avicenna

Avicenna ( / ËŒ æ v É™ ˈ s É› n É™ / ; Latinate form of Ibn-SÄ«nā ( Persian: پور سینا / ابن سینا ‎ ; Arabic: ابن سÛ...

Ibn Warraq

Ibn Warraq is the pen name of an author most famous for his criticism of Islam. He is the founder of the Institute for the Secularisation o...

Orientalism (book)

Orientalism (1978), by Edward Said, is a foundational text for the academic field of post-colonial studies. In it, Said analyzes the cultur...

Edward Said

Edward Wadie Said ( Arabic pronunciation:  [wædiːʕ sæʕiːd] ; Arabic: إدوارد وديع سعيد ‎, Idwārd Wadīʿ Saʿīd ; 1...

Inferno (Dante)

Inferno (Italian for "Hell") is the first part of Dante Alighieri's 14th-century epic poem Divine Comedy . It is followed by ...

Divine Comedy

The Divine Comedy (Italian: Divina Commedia ) is an epic poem written by Dante Alighieri between c. 1308 and his death in 1321. It is widel...

Dante Alighieri

Durante degli Alighieri ( Italian:  [duˈrante ˈdeʎʎi aliˈɡjɛːri] ), simply called Dante ( Italian:  [ˈdante] , UK / ˈ d æ n ...

Brunetto Latini

Brunetto Latini (c. 1210â€"1294) (who signed his name Burnectus Latinus in Latin and Burnecto Latino in Italian) was an Italian phil...

Hossein Nasr

Seyyed Hossein Nasr (Persian: سید حسین نصر ‎, born April 7, 1933) is an Iranian University Professor of Islamic studies at Geor...

John bar Penkaye

John bar Penkaye (Syriac: ܝܘܚܢܢ Ü'ܪ ܦܢܟܝ̈ܐ Yōḥannān bar PenkāyÄ" ) was an East Syriac Nestorian Christian writer...

Theophanes the Confessor

Saint Theophanes the Confessor (Greek: Θεοφάνης Ὁμολογητής ; c. 758/760 â€" March 12, 817/818) was a member of the ...

Lithography

Lithography (from Ancient Greek λίθος, lithos , meaning "stone", and γράφειν, graphein , meaning "to write"...

Timurid dynasty

The Timurid dynasty (Persian: تیموریان ‎) was a Sunni Muslim Persianate dynasty of Turco-Mongol lineage that ruled over an empire...

Persian miniature

A Persian miniature is a small painting on paper, whether a book illustration or a separate work of art intended to be kept in an album of ...

Aniconism in Islam

Aniconism in Islam is a proscription in Islam against the creation of images of sentient living beings. The most absolute proscription is o...

Kashmir

Kashmir (Kashmiri: Ú©Ù"شِیر / कॅशीर ; Hindi: कश्मीर ; Urdu: کشمیر ‎; Shina: کشمیر ), archaicall...

Unicode

Unicode is a computing industry standard for the consistent encoding, representation, and handling of text expressed in most of the world...

Typographic ligature

In writing and typography, a ligature occurs where two or more graphemes or letters are joined as a single glyph. Ligatures usually replace...

Adhan

The adhān (Arabic: أَذَان ‎ [Ê"aˈðaːn] ), (or azān as pronounced in Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, India, Iran, Ma...

Topkapı Palace

The Topkapı Palace (Turkish: Topkapı Sarayı or in Ottoman: طوپقپو سرايى ) is a large palace in Istanbul, Turkey, that was th...

Profession (religious)

For Profession of faith (public avowal of faith according to a traditional formula), see Creed. The term religious profession is used in ...

Wet nurse

A wet nurse is a woman who breast feeds and cares for another's child. Wet nurses are employed when the mother is unable or chooses not...

Sayyid

Sayyid (also spelled "Seyd", "Syed", "Sayed", "Sayyed", "Saiyid", "Seyed" and ...

Sharif

Sharīf Asharif or Alsharif (Arabic: شريف ‎ šarīf ) or Chérif (Darija: Chorfa) is a traditional Arab title in origin, the word is...

Ali S. Asani

Ali Sultaan Asani (born 1954 in Nairobi, Kenya) is Professor of Indo-Muslim Religion and Cultures and the Director of Prince Alwaleed bin T...

Hâfiz Osman

This article is about a 17th-century calligrapher. For the Singaporean footballer, see Hafiz Osman. Hâfiz Osman (Ottoman Turkish: حاف...

Hilya

The term hilya (Arabic حلية (plural: ḥilan , ḥulan ), Turkish: hilye (plural: hilyeler ) denotes a religious genre of Ottoman Turk...

World view

A comprehensive world view (or worldview ) is the fundamental cognitive orientation of an individual or society encompassing the entirety o...

Aristocracy (class)

Aristocrats is a broad term that usually refers to people that a particular social order considers the highest social class of that society...

Social security

Social security is based upon a concept set forth in Article 22 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights which states, Everyone, as a m...

Bernard Lewis

Bernard Lewis , FBA (born May 31, 1916) is a British-American historian specializing in oriental studies. He is also known as a public intel...

Greater Iran

Greater Iran (Persian: ایران بزرگ ‎, Irān-e Bozorg , ایران زَمین , Irānzamīn ) refers to the regions of West, Centr...

Muslim conquest of Egypt

At the commencement of the Muslim conquest of Egypt , Egypt was part of the Byzantine/Eastern Roman Empire with its capital at Constantinopl...

Orthodox Christianity

Orthodox Christianity is a collective term for the Eastern Orthodox Church and Oriental Orthodoxy . Each of these two branches of Christia...

Syriac Orthodox Church

The Syriac Orthodox Church of Antioch (Classical Syriac: ܥܕܬܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܬܐ ܬܪܝܨܬ ܫܘÜ'ܚܐ ) is an autocephalous Oriental O...

Ridda wars

The Ridda wars (Arabic: حروب الردة), also known as the Wars of Apostasy , were a series of military campaigns launched by the Cali...

Tribes of Arabia

The tribes of Arabia are the clans that originated in the Arabian Peninsula. Much of the lineage provided before Ma'ad relies on bibl...