This is a list of political ideologies. Many political parties base their political action and election program on an ideology. In social studies, a political ideology is a certain ethical set of ideals, principles, doctrines, myths or symbols of a social movement, institution, class, and or large group that explains how society should work, and offers some political and cultural blueprint for a certain social order. A political ideology largely concerns itself with how to allocate power and to what ends it should be used. Some parties follow a certain ideology very closely, while others may take broad inspiration from a group of related ideologies without specifically embracing any one of them. The popularity of an ideology is in part due to the influence of moral entrepreneurs, who sometimes act in their own interests.
Political ideologies have two dimensions:
An ideology is a collection of ideas. Typically, each ideology contains certain ideas on what it considers to be the best form of government (e.g. democracy, autocracy, etc.), and the best economic system (e.g. capitalism, socialism, etc.). Sometimes the same word is used to identify both an ideology and one of its main ideas. For instance, "socialism" may refer to an economic system, or it may refer to an ideology which supports that economic system.
Ideologies also identify themselves by their position on the political spectrum (such as the left, the centre or the right), though this is very often controversial. Finally, ideologies can be distinguished from political strategies (e.g. populism) and from single issues that a party may be built around (e.g. opposition to European integration or the legalization of marijuana).
The following list attempts to divide the ideologies found in practical political life into a number of groups; each group contains ideologies that are related to each other. The headers refer to names of the best-known ideologies in each group. The names of the headers do not necessarily imply some hierarchical order or that one ideology evolved out of the other. They are merely noting the fact that the ideologies in question are practically, historically and ideologically related to each other. Note that one ideology can belong to several groups, and there is sometimes considerable overlap between related ideologies. Also, keep in mind that the meaning of a political label can differ between countries and that parties often subscribe to a combination of ideologies.
The list is strictly alphabetical. Thus, placing one ideology before another does not imply that the first is more important or popular than the second.
Anarchism
- Anarchism
Anarchism without adjectives
- Anarchism without adjectives
- Synthesis anarchism
Individualist anarchism
- Anarchist naturism
- Egoist anarchism
- Freiwirtschaft
- Geoanarchism
- Inclusive Democracy
- Individualist anarchism
- Individualist anarchism in France
- Individualist anarchism in Europe
- Individualist anarchism in the United States
- Insurrectionary anarchism
- Illegalism
- Mutualism (Also considered social)
Religious anarchism
- Buddhist anarchism
- Christian anarchism
- Islamic anarchism
- Jewish anarchism
Social anarchism
- Anarcha-feminism
- Anarcho-syndicalism
- Collectivist anarchism
- Libertarian socialism
- Participatory economics
- Social anarchism
- Social ecology
- Inclusive democracy
- Mutualism (also considered individual)
Anarchist communism
- Anarchist communism
- Magonism
- Platformism
- Insurrectionary anarchism
Other
- Autarchism
- Autonomism
- Crypto-anarchism
- Indigenism
- Infoanarchism
- Insurrectionary anarchism
- Makhnovism
- National-Anarchism
- Panarchism
- Platformism
- Post-anarchism
- Post-left anarchy
- Queer anarchism
- Workerism
- Pluralism
Communism
- Communism
- Stateless communism
- Revolutionary socialism
Marxism
- Neo-Marxism
- Classical Marxism
Revisionism
- Autonomism
- Luxemburgism
- Left communism
- Communization
- Council communism
- Titoism
- Castroism
- Religious communism
- Christian communism
- Anarchist communism
- Platformism
- Insurrectionary anarchism
- Eurocommunism
- Orthodox Marxism
Leninism
- Leninism
- Marxismâ€"Leninism
- Guevarism
- World communism
- Primitive communism
- Scientific communism
- Trotskyism
Anti-revisionism
- Anti-revisionism
- Stalinism
- Maoism
- Ho Chi Minh Thought
- Hoxhaism
Conservatism
General
- Conservatism
- Conservative liberalism
- Cultural conservatism
- Liberal conservatism
- Libertarian conservatism
- National conservatism
- Neoconservatism
- Paleoconservatism
- Social conservatism
Regional variants
- Conservatism in Australia
- Conservatism in Canada
- Conservatism in Colombia
- Conservatism in Germany
- Conservatism in North America
- Conservatism in Pakistan
- Conservatism in the United Kingdom
- Conservatism in the United States
Other
- Agrarianism
- Bioconservatism
- Black conservatism
- Carlism
- Civic Conservatism
- Christian democracy
- Communitarianism
- Fiscal conservatism
- Green conservatism
- Latin Conservatism
- Monarchism
- Right-libertarianism
- Roman Catholic conservatism
- Theoconservatism
- Toryism
- Traditionalist conservatism
- Reactionary
Environmentalism
- Anarchist naturism
- Anarcho-primitivism
- Bioregionalism
- Bright green environmentalism
- Deep ecology
- Eco-capitalism
- Ecofeminism
- Eco-socialism
- Environmentalism
- Free-market environmentalism
- Green anarchism
- Green conservatism
- Green liberalism
- Green libertarianism
- Green politics
- Green municipalism
- Green syndicalism
- Social ecology
Gender equality
General
- Gender equality
Feminism
General
- Anarcha-feminism
- Cultural feminism
- Ecofeminism
- Feminism
- Individualist feminism
- Lesbian feminism
- Liberal feminism
- Marxist feminism
- Masculism
- Postmodern feminism
- Psychoanalytic feminism
- Radical feminism
- Separatist feminism
- Socialist feminism
- Womanism
Religious feminism
- Religious feminism
- Christian feminism
- Islamic feminism
- Jewish feminism
LGBT
- LGBT social movements
Masculism
- Masculism
Liberalism
General
- Classical liberalism
- Conservative liberalism
- Economic liberalism
- Individualism
- Liberal feminism
- Liberal socialism
- Liberalism
- Market liberalism
- National liberalism
- Neoliberalism
- Ordoliberalism
- Paleoliberalism
- Social liberalism
- Colonial liberalism
Libertarianism
- Libertarianism
- Fourierism
- Mutualism
- Collectivist anarchism
- Anarcho-communism
- Anarcho-syndicalism
- Guild socialism
- Revolutionary syndicalism
- Social anarchism
- Libertarian Marxism
- Libertarian socialism
- Left communism
- Council communism
- Platformism
- Gandhian economics
- Situationist International
- Autonomism
- Social ecology
- Participism
- Inclusive Democracy
- Zapatismo
- Insurrectionary anarchism
- Communalism
- Communization
Right libertarianism
- Anarcho-capitalism
- Classical liberalism
- Libertarian conservatism
- Minarchism
- Objectivism
- Paleolibertarianism
- Right libertarianism
- Voluntaryism
Other
- Agorism
- Cultural liberalism
- Geolibertarianism
- Green liberalism
- Individualist feminism
- Progressivism
- Radicalism (historical)
Nationalism
General
- Internationalism (politics)
- Liberal nationalism
- Nationalism
- Romantic nationalism
Fascism
- Austrofascism
- Chilean Fascism
- Clerical fascism
- Falangism
- Fascism
- Metaxism
- Italian fascism
- Iron Guard
- Japanese fascism
- National Socialism ("Nazism")
- Neo-Fascism
- Rexism
- Strasserism
- Ustaše
- Zbor
Regional variants
- Kemalism
- Brazilian Integralism
- Gaullism
- Irish Nationalism and Irish Republicanism
- Peronism
- Portuguese Integralism
- Baathism
- Nasserism
Zionism
- Zionism
- Labor Zionism
- Religious Zionism
- Revisionist Zionism
- Neo-Zionism
Unification movements
- African socialism
- Arab socialism
- Pan-Africanism
- Pan-Arabism
- Pan-Iranism
- Pan-European nationalism
Other
- Arab nationalism
- Black nationalism
- Chinese nationalism
- Corporatism
- Left-wing nationalism
- National-Anarchism
- National Bolshevism
- National syndicalism
- Odalism
- Patriotism
- Producerism
- Queer nationalism
- White nationalism
Religious ideologies
General
- Religious feminism
- Religious socialism
- Theocracy
Buddhism
- Buddhist anarchism
- Buddhist socialism
Christianity
- Christian anarchism
- Christian communism
- Christian democracy
- Christian feminism
- Christian socialism
- Christian Left
- Clerical fascism
- Liberation Theology
- Political Catholicism
- Popolarismo
- Christian Right
- Christian Zionism
- Christofascism
- Dominionism
- Caesaropapism
- Ultramontanism
Hinduism
- Hindu nationalism
Islam
- Islamic anarchism
- Islamic democracy
- Islamic socialism
- Islamism
- Khilafat
- Panislamism
Judaism
- Jewish anarchism
- Jewish feminism
- Religious Zionism
Mormonism
- Theodemocracy
- United Order
Sikhism
- Khalistan movement
Socialism
General
- Socialism
- Fourierism
- Insurrectionary anarchism
- Libertarian socialism
- Guild socialism
- Revolutionary syndicalism
- Gandhian economics
- Zapatismo
Libertarian Marxism
- Autonomism
- Situationist International
- Libertarian Marxism
- Luxemburgism
- Left communism
- Council communism
- Communization
Social anarchism
- Mutualism
- Collectivist anarchism
- Anarcho-communism
- Anarcho-syndicalism
- Social anarchism
- Platformism
- Social ecology
- Participism
- Inclusive Democracy
- Communalism
- Bernsteinism
- Austromarxism
- Bernsteinism
- Democratic socialism
- Fabianism
- Reformism
- Revisionism
Social democracy
- Liberal socialism
- Market socialism
- Neosocialism
- Social democracy
- State socialism
- Third Way
Regional variants
- African socialism
- Arab socialism
- Bolivarianism
- Labor Zionism
- Melanesian socialism
- Socialism with Chinese characteristics
- Revolutionary democracy
- Religious socialism
- Buddhist socialism
- Christian socialism
- Islamic socialism
- Liberation Theology
Other
- Social capitalism
- Socialist feminism
- Quotaism
General
- Communism
- Revolutionary socialism
Marxism
- Autonomist Marxism
- Castroism
- Council communism
- De Leonism
- Eurocommunism
- Guevarism
- Hoxhaism
- Kautskyism
- Left communism
- Leninism
- Luxemburgism
- Maoism
- Marxism
- Marxismâ€"Leninism
- Marxist feminism
- Marxist humanism
- Neo-marxism
- Orthodox Marxism
- Situationism
- Anti-Revisionism (or Stalinism)
- Titoism
- Trotskyism
- Western Marxism
Anarchist communism
- Anarcho-syndicalism
- Collectivist anarchism
- Anarchist communism
- Eco-socialism
- Social anarchism
- Social ecology
- Individualist anarchism
- Mutualist anarchism
Other
- Guild socialism
- Libertarian socialism
- Sankarism
- Syndicalism
- Utopian socialism
- National Bolshevism
- Realism
See also
- List of ideologies named after people