Francesco Albani

Francesco Albani or Albano (17 March or 17 August 1578 â€" 4 October 1660) was an Italian Baroque painter who was active in Bologna (1591â€"1600), Rome (1600â€"1609), Bologna (1609), Viterbo (1609â€"1610), Bologna (1610), Rome (1610â€"1617), Bologna (1618â€"1660), Mantova (1621â€"1622), Roma (1623â€"1625) and Florence (1633).

Early years in Bologna

Born 1578 in Bologna, his father was a silk merchant who intended to instruct his son in the same trade; but by age twelve, Albani became an apprentice under the competent mannerist painter Denis Calvaert, where he met Guido Reni. Soon he followed Reni to the so-called "Academy" run by the Carracci family: Annibale, Agostino, and Ludovico. This studio fostered the careers of many painters of the Bolognese school, including Domenichino, Massari, Viola, Lanfranco, Giovanni Francesco Grimaldi, Pietro Faccini, Remigio Cantagallina, and Reni.

Mature work in Rome

In the year 1600, Albani moved to Rome to work in the fresco decoration of the gallery of the Palazzo Farnese, being completed by the studio of Annibale Carracci. Rome, under Clement VIII Aldobrandini (1592â€"1605) was exhibiting some degree of administrative stability and renewed artistic patronage. While pope Clement was born from a Florentine family residing in Urbino, his family was allied by marriage to the Emilia-Romagna and the Farnese, since Ranuccio I Farnese, Duke of Parma had married Margherita Aldobrandini. Parma, like Bologna, are part of the Region of Emilia-Romagna. Thus it was not surprise that Cardinal Odoardo Farnese, Ranuccio's brother, chose the Carraccis from Bologna for patronage, thereby establishing Bolognese predominance of Roman fresco painting for nearly two decades.

Albani became one of Annibale's most prominent apprentices. Using Annibale's designs and assisted by Lanfranco and Sisto Badalocchio, Albani completed frescoes for the San Diego Chapel in San Giacomo degli Spagnoli between 1602-1607. In 1606-7, Albani completed the frescoes in the Palazzo Mattei di Giove in Rome. He later completed two other frescoes in the same palace, also on the theme of Life of Joseph.

In 1609, he completed the ceiling of a large hall with Fall of Phaeton and Council of the Gods for the Palazzo Giustiniani (now Palazzo Odescalchi) at Bassano (di Sutri) Romano. This work was commissioned by the Marchese Vicenzo Giustiniani, famous for also being patron to Caravaggio.

During 1612-14, Albani completed the Choir frescoes at the newly remodeled (by Pietro da Cortona) church of Santa Maria della Pace. In 1616 he painted ceiling frescoes of Apollo and the Seasons at Palazzo Verospi in Via del Corso for the cardinal Fabrizio Verospi.

In later years, Albani developed a mutual, though respectful, rivalry with the more successful Guido Reni, who was also heavily patronized by the Aldobrandini, and under whom Albani had worked under at the chapel of the Palazzo del Quirinale.

Albani's best fresco masterpieces are those on mythological subjects. Among the best of his sacred subjects are a St Sebastian and an Assumption of the Virgin, both in the church of San Sebastiano fuori le Mura in Rome. He was among the Italian painters to devote himself to painting cabinet pictures. His mythological subjects include The Sleeping Venus, Diana in the Bath, Danaë Reclining, Galatea on the Sea, and Europa on the Bull. A rare etching, the Death of Dido, is attributed to him. Carlo Cignani, Andrea Sacchi, Francesco Mola, and Giovanni Francesco Grimaldi were some of his students. On the death of his wife he returned to Bologna, where he married a second time and resided till his death.

Legacy

Albani never acquired the monumentality or tenebrism that was quaking the contemporary world of painters, and in fact, is derided often for his lyric, cherubim-filled sweetness, which often has not yet shaken the mannerist elegance. While Albani's thematic would have appealed to Poussin, he lacked the Frenchman's muscular drama. His style sometimes appears to befit the decorative Rococo more than of his time.

Among the pupils of Albani were his brother Giovanni Battista Albani, and others including Giacinto Bellini, Girolamo Bonini, Giacinto Campagna, Antonio Catalani, Carlo Cignani, Giovanni Maria Galli, Filippo Menzani, Bartolommeo Morelli, Andrea Sacchi, Andrea Sghizzi, Giovanni Battista Speranza, Antonio Maria del Sole, Emilio Taruffi, and Francesco Vaccaro.

Major works

• Frescoes in Hall of Aeneas -Palazzo Fava, Bologna
• Frescoes in Oratory of San Colmbano - Bologna
• Frescoes in Hall of Aeneas (1601â€"1602) - Palazzo Doria Pamphilj, Rome
• Frescoes for San Giacomo degli Spagnoli (1602â€"1607) - Museo del Prado and in Museum of Barcelona
• Holy Family with Angels (1608â€"1610) - MFA, Boston
• Allegorical canvases of the seasons Spring,Summer,Fall and Winter (1616â€"1617) - Galleria Borghese, Rome
• Baptism of Christ (c. 1620) - Oil on canvas, 428.5 x 224.5 cm, Pinacoteca Nazionale di Bologna
• Diana and Actaeon (1625â€"1630) - Oil on wood transferred to canvas, 74,5 x 99,5 cm, Gemäldegalerie, Dresden
• Four Elements (1628â€"1630) - Pinacoteca, Turin
• Holy Family with Angels (1630â€"1635) - Oil on canvas, 57 x 43 cm, Palazzo Pitti, Florence
• Self-Portrait (c. 1630) - Oil on canvas, 75 x 59.5 cm, Pinacoteca Nazionale di Bologna
• Venus Attended by Nymphs and Cupids (1633) -Oil on canvas, 114 x 171 cm, Prado, Madrid)[1]
• Annunciation (1633) - Church of San Bartolomeo, Bologna
• The Annunciation - Oil on copper, 62 x 47 cm, Hermitage, St. Petersburg[2]
• Madonna with Child in Glory with Sts. Jerome and Francis (c. 1640) - oil on copper, 43.5 x 31.8 cm, Pinacoteca Nazionale di Bologna
• The Baptism of Christ (c. 1640) - Oil on canvas, 268 x 195 cm, Hermitage, St. Petersburg
• The Rape of Europa (c. 1640-1645) - Oil on canvas, 170 x 224 cm, Hermitage, St. Petersburg
• Annunciation (c. 1640-1645) - Oil on copper, 62 x 47 cm, Hermitage, St. Petersburg
• The Holy Women at Christ's Tomb (1640s-1650s) - Oil on canvas, 170 x 224 cm, Hermitage, St. Petersburg
• Danza degli amorini - Pinacoteca di Brera, Milan
• Tondo Borghese - Galleria Borghese, Rome
• Tasso's landscapes - Galleria Colonna, Rome
• Holy Family -Church of Madonna di Galliera, Bologna

Works owned by the Musée du Louvre

• Actaeon Changed into a Stag (Circa 1630)
• Actaeon Changed into a Stag (Circa 1617)
• Adonis Led by Cupids to Venus (1621â€"1633)
• Apollo and Daphne (Circa 1615-1620)
• The Lamentation of Christ (Circa 1601-1602)
• The Toilet of Venus (1621â€"1633)
• The Annunciation (Circa 1620-1625)
• Christ Appearing to Mary Magdalene / Noli me tangere (Circa 1620-1625)
• The Eternal Father and the Angel Gabriel (Circa 1650-1660)
• Venus and Vulcan Resting (1621â€"1633)
• Nymphs Disarming Cupids (1621â€"1633)
• Saint Francis of Assisi Praying Before a Crucifix (Circa 1630-1650)
• Salmacis and Hermaphroditus (Circa 1630-1640)
• Venus and Adonis (Circa 1630-1640)
• The Nativity (Circa 1600) Attributed

References

• Wittkower, Rudolf (1993). Art and Architecture Italy, 1600-1750. Penguin Books, Pelican History of Art. pp. 78â€"80, 82â€"83. 
•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.  The article is available here.

Notes

External links

Media related to Francesco Albani at Wikimedia Commons

• Francesco Albani in the "History of Art"}
• Francesco Albani Paitings Gallery (Public Domain Paintings - www.art.onilm.com)