Approximately 57 people have been head of the Russian government since its establishment in 1726. The chairman of government was a member of the Supreme Privy Council, which was created on 8 (19) February 1726 by Empress Catherine, and from 8 (20) September 1802 ministerial duties were allocated by the Committee of Ministers, which was established on in accordance with the proclamation of Emperor Alexander II. Beginning with Count Aleksandr Romanovich Vorontsov, the eldest of the officers was de facto chairman of the committee. Eight years after the inauguration of the manifest, the first de jure office holder was Count Nikolay Rumyantsev. The Council of Ministers was unofficially formed in October 1857, as a result of Emperor Alexander II's reforms; its first session began on 19 (31) December 1857. Before the actual formation of that body on 12 (24) November 1861, the Emperor himself was in charge. The Council of Ministers consisted of chairmen of the State Council and the Committee of Ministers, as well as high-ranking officers appointed by the Emperor. The first session ended on 11 (23) December 1882, after the number of files to the Council greatly decreased.
The Committee of Ministers functioned simultaneously with the second session of the Council of Ministers for six more months; Count Sergei Witte participated on both entities until the abolition of the committee on 23 April (5 May) 1906. Following that event, the duties of the committee were left to the Council of Ministers, until the formation of the Small Council in 1909, which also included deputy ministers. By the order of Emperor Nicholas II, the second session of the Council of Ministers began on 19 October (1 November) 1905, following the formation of the State Duma. Shortly after the February Revolution and the inception of the Russian Provisional Government on 2 (15) March 1917, Georgy Lvov from the Constitutional Democratic Party and Alexander Kerensky from the Socialist Revolutionary Party became joint Minister-Chairmen. The provisional Russian Republic was eventually replaced by the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR) and the governmental body by the Council of People's Commissars, which was chaired from 1917â€"24 by Vladimir Lenin. That body was renamed Council of Ministers following a decree of the Supreme Council on 23 March 1946.
After the fall of the Soviet Union, Boris Yeltsin, as the President of the Russian Federation, was automatically appointed as the Head of Government of the Russian Federation in the first two years of his mandate. The latter body took the previous name "Council of Ministers", the chairman of which became Viktor Chernomyrdin from the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, replacing acting chairman Yegor Gaidar. According to the new constitution ratified on 25 December 1993, those two entities were separated. Since then, the head of that office takes the formal title "Chairmen of the Government" or colloquially "Prime Minister" (the only actual prime minister was Valentin Pavlov). Chernomyrdin resumed chairing the government, followed up by non-partisans and acting office holders. On 8 May 2008, Vladimir Putin took the office for a second term, now as a member of United Russia. Dmitry Medvedev has been the Chairman of the Government since 8 May 2012.
The youngest head of government by his accession to office was Count Karl-Fridrikh Golshteyn-Gottorpsky, at age 26, and the oldest Count Pyotr Andreyevich Tolstoy, at age 81.
List of heads of government
      United Russia       Communist       Constitutional Democrat       Our Home is Russia       Independent / None
Russian Empire
Russian Provisional Republic
Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic (RSFSR)
Russian Federation
Timeline
See also
- Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation
- Politics of Russia
- Government of Russia
- Premier of the Soviet Union
- Baldâ€"hairy
Footnotes
Notes
References
- S. M. Seredonin, ed. (1902). Т. 1 : Комитет миниÑтров в царÑтвование императора ÐлекÑандра Первого (1802 г. ÑентÑÐ±Ñ€Ñ 8 â€" 1825 г. ноÑÐ±Ñ€Ñ 19). â€" 1902. [Vol. 1: Committee of Ministers During the Reign of Emperor Aleksandr the First (8 September 1802 â€" 19 November 1825). â€" 1902] (in Russian) 1. Government Public Historical Library of Russia.Â
- B. Yu. Ivanov, B. M. Karev, E. I. Kuksina, A. S. Oreshnikov, O. V. Sukhareva, ed. (1999). ИÑÑ‚Ð¾Ñ€Ð¸Ñ Ð¾Ñ‚ÐµÑ‡ÐµÑтва [History of the Fatherland] (in Russian). Moscow: Ð'Ð¾Ð»ÑŒÑˆÐ°Ñ Ð Ð¾ÑÑийÑÐºÐ°Ñ ÑÐ½Ñ†Ð¸ÐºÐ»Ð¾Ð¿ÐµÐ´Ð¸Ñ (Large Russian Encyclopedia). pp. 554â€"576.Â
- K. K. Arsenyev, ed. (1911â€"1916). Ðовый ÑнциклопедичеÑкий Ñловарь [New Encyclopedic Dictionary] (in Russian) 1â€"29. Saint Petersburg: F. A. Brockhaus and I. A. Efron.Â
- A. A. Polovtsov, ed. (1896â€"1918). РуÑÑкий биографичеÑкий Ñловарь (Russian Biographical Dictionary) (in Russian). Saint Petersburg: Russian Imperatorial Historical Society of Saint Petersburg
External links
- Heads of State and Government of the Soviet Union (1922â€"1991)
